why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. The fact that the Pope never approved Henry VIIIs divorce from Catherine of Aragon in 1533 (and England had to break from Rome in order to achieve this) combined with the fact that Catherine was still alive when Elizabeth was born. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Spouse: None. Humiliatingly, Elizabeth had to confirm the loss of Calais, which had been an English possession since 1347. Continue with Recommended Cookies. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman Those who refused this were sent to prison. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. he could also overthrow her. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. As King Phillip II ruled the Netherlands, he had control over the access to these vital Dutch ports and he could, therefore, limit English access. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. From there we will look at the career . Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. Boston Spa, English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Her early life was full of uncertainties, and her chances of succeeding to the throne seemed very slight once her half-brother Edward was born in 1537. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Catholic priests were ordered to leave so as not to influence the English Catholics with divided loyalties. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. 2) This war was not a success. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? [Relative comparison made to inform the judgement here shows instantly criteria are being established, helping to signpost the rest of the answer.]. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Her arrival and ultimate house arrest were the result of her having to flee Scotland. The imprisonment owed to her likely involvement in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. Overview of Elizabeth I / The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. The war was going badly for England. Therefore, I disagree with the statement. The French were Catholic but did not have the same hostility to English Protestantism as Spain was. The conspirators including Babington were all. Why was France a threat? The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. A number of Catholic plots to remove Elizabeth in the 1570s and 1580s had his involvement although he was reluctant and half-hearted in their execution. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. Walsingham had established a large spy network and was able to intercept letters of Catholic conspirators and work with an expert cryptographer to decode them. LS23 6AD France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Edward was born on 12 October 1537 in his mother's room inside Hampton Court Palace, in Middlesex. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule - BBC Bitesize Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. Her first husband, Francis II, had died in December 1560. 1589 | History of Parliament Online Doodle's Point of View The news of the rebellion caused widespread. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. She was a Protestant. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Financial Weakness She was 300,000 in debt. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. If those Catholics decided to rebel against . Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Elizabeth's greatest problem in 1558 was the threat of invasion. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. Boston House, The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. - send 2000 to rebels. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association The fear of a Catholic uprising and a plot against Elizabeth was a constant threat to her. migration? The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Save. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. This was important because it demonstrated the strength of Catholic feeling within England and highlighted how Elizabeth, after 11 years, was still vulnerable to English Catholics. Elizabeth I - reigned from 1558-1603 Elizabeth I's first rebellion to deal with was the Shane O'Neill Rebellion, which occurred in Ireland and lasted from 1558-1567. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). The Armada set sail in May 1588, but due to bad weather and attempts by an English fleet to intercept it, was delayed for several weeks in the Bay of Biscay. This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. The plot was uncovered by Sir Francis Walsingham, who intercepted and read Babingtons letters to Mary. Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History Legitimacy of succession: The Pope did not recognise Henry VIII's marriage to Anne. Born: 7 September 1533. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. Pick a key scene from the story and tell it from the third-person limited point of view, through Doodle's senses and feelings. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. Religion was the most serious problem facing Elizabeth in 1558? How far The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. At the beginning of her reign, an obvious candidate for Elizabeth to marry was her half sister's widow, Phillip of Spain. Elizabeth I Skilful In Her Response To Threats History Essay The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle Elizabeth made England protestant, which caused tension with the rest of Europe as they were heavily catholic (such as Spain and France). Cecil was a master of Renaissance statecraft, whose talents as a diplomat, politician, and administrator won him high office and . Dudleys campaign in 1586-1587 proved to be unsuccessful and he suffered heavy defeats at the hands of the Spanish general, the. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Here then, military alliances, English weaknesses, questions of legitimacy and the influence of religion all meant Elizabeth was very vulnerable upon her accession. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. Best Answer. - large religious threat as shows the chance of invasion increased due to the fact Spain and France could unite together against England. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . As with the 1569 plot, she would marry the Duke of Norfolk. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. LS23 6AD Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus].

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